Polly Curtis,, " Scientists warn parents on pesticides and plastics",
Guardian, March 21, 2006,
Link: http://www.guardian.co.uk/food/Story/0,,1735687,00.html?gusrc=rss
Parents were yesterday warned by researchers that levels of pesticides
previously thought to be harmless could cause cancers in babies and
young children.
Liverpool University scientists argue that low levels of chemicals from
pesticides and plastics could affect the development of babies before
they are born and increase their likelihood of developing cancer later
in life.
The organochlorines also accumulate in breast milk, raising the
possibility that babies are vulnerable while breastfeeding, Professor
Vyvyan Howard and John Newby say.
The research will prove controversial as the link between low levels of
pollutants and cancers has been disputed in the past. Cancer Research
UK urged people to be cautious about the paper, which involved a
systematic review of all the evidence to date, and called for further
thorough investigation.
But the researchers claim the evidence suggested the link was
"feasible" and enough for parents to consider switching to organic
diets to avoid contamination. The authorities should revisit
regulations on acceptable levels of chemicals, they argue.
Writing in the Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, they
say that research indicates that the dangers of pesticides for children
have been underestimated. "We’re talking about chemicals which could
potentially cause cancer in children at parts per billion and parts per
trillion levels, rather than parts per million and thousands,"
Professor Howard, who is on the government’s advisory committee on
pesticides, told the Guardian. "Preventative measures for these types
of cancer have focused on educating the public about the danger of
tobacco smoke, improving diet and promoting physical activity. We
should now, however, be focusing on trying to reduce exposure to
problematic chemicals."
He stressed that the benefits of breastfeeding still far outweigh any
risk and parents should not be put off breastfeeding as a result of
their analysis. The paper examines the evidence that some pesticides
and plastics, which people are exposed to through food, air and water,
can affect hormone production, leading to hormone-dependent
malignancies, such as breast, testicular and prostate cancers.
It concludes that while population studies had not conclusively proved
a link between lower levels of the potentially carcinogenic chemicals
and people of any age, some animal studies have indicated the link.
There was further evidence that some people might be genetically
predisposed to being vulnerable to the chemicals.
"It seems to be the most vulnerable members of society: the developing
foetus, the developing child and adolescent and the genetically
predisposed, who are at risk of developing cancer following involuntary
exposure to environmental contaminants," the study says. "This may be
an appropriate time for governments to adopt the precautionary
principle until substances to which members of society are
involuntarily exposed are proved safe from long-term, low-level effects
on human health."
Professor John Toy, Cancer Research UK medical director, said: "People
should not be alarmed by this study – it is a review of previously
reported research and does not present new findings. The authors
suggest that it is feasible that certain chemicals could be a factor in
causing cancer but do not find compelling scientific evidence to prove
a link."
Jamie Page, chairman of the Cancer Prevention and Education Society,
which supported the research, said: "This research is very important
and suggests that there are links between chemicals and cancer. It is
our opinion that if progress is to be made in the fight against cancer,
far more attention and effort must be made to reduce human exposure to
harmful chemicals."
Peter Melchett, of the Soil Association, said the study echoed research
conducted around the world. "Other research shows that children with
organic diets have a big reduction in pesticide levels. If you want to
avoid pesticides, eat organic."
FAQ Health concerns
What are organochlorines?
An umbrella term for a group of chemicals contained in pesticides and
some plastics which are present in the environment and can accumulate
in the body when contaminated food is eaten. They are believed to
affect hormone production, which has raised concerns about links to
hormone-related cancers, such as breast, prostate and testicular
cancers.
How can you avoid them?
By eating organic food, according to the Soil Association. Although
today’s research says they can accumulate in breast milk, potentially
putting babies at risk, the scientists stress that the benefits of
breastfeeding still far outweigh any dangers. Washing fruit and
vegetables thoroughly, and peeling them when you can might cut down on
ingestion. However, Cancer Research UK, an authority on cancer
research, stressed that people should not be alarmed by the research,
which is based on existing research rather than new findings.
How are they regulated?
A government committee sets limits for the levels of pesticides which
can be present in food. The researchers behind today’s research are
arguing that these need to be revisited because of evidence of a
"feasible" link between lower levels and cancers in children.